摘要：
本文围绕条件合作的普遍性以及惩罚机制和社会资本对条件合作的影响,提出了三个与实验外部有效性相关的假设,并分别利用学生传统实验和工人人为田野实验进行了检验。研究发现:(1)虽然不同群体间合作水平存在差异,但条件合作是普遍存在的,而且相对稳定;(2)合作实验的惩罚制度存在内生溢价,但不同群体的溢价可能方向和机理不一致;(3)社会资本与合作水平存在显著的正相关关系,但不同群体的影响机理可能不同。本文为政策制定者针对不同人群的特点设计有差异的激励机制,并促进社会合作,提供了较为稳健的理论和实验依据。
This paper focuses on the universality of conditional cooperation, effects of punishment and social capital on conditional cooperation. Three hypotheses associated with the external validity of experiments are proposed, which are tested with the students by using traditional experiment and the workers by artificial field experiment. Main findings of this study are： 1 ） Conditional cooperation is a common phenomenon, and is relatively stable, although there are differences between cooperation levels of different groups; 2） Punishments of public good experiment have endogenous premiums, but the premiums of different groups may have different directions and different mechanisms; 3） There is a significant positive correlation between social capital and the level of cooperation, but the mechanisms of impacts may be different in different populations. Results of this paper can provide a more robust theoretical and experimental basis for policy-makers to design different incentive systems according to the characteristics of different populations, in order to promoting social cooperation.
基金：
国家社会科学基金项目“社会网络影响收入差距的理论、政策与实证研究”(12CJL023)的阶段性成果；
关键词：
条件合作; 惩罚; 社会资本; 社会网络; 一般信任;
来源：
“惩罚、社会资本与条件合作——基于传统实验和人为田野实验的对比研究”，《经济研究》，2014年第10期，第125-138页。（周晔馨、涂勤、胡必亮）(本文被中国人民大学复印报刊资料《理论经济学》2015年第2期全文转载)
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